The science and practice of massage therapy: Physiological insights and clinical applications

Massage therapy, one of the oldest healing practices, has gained renewed scientific attention for its physiological and clinical relevance. Defined as the systematic manipulation of soft tissues, massage exerts mechanical, reflexive, and metabolic effects that influence multiple body systems. Historically rooted in ancient traditions across India, China, Greece, and Rome, it has evolved into a structured therapeutic approach with applications in modern health care.

Physiologically, massage modulates autonomic balance, reduces pain perception, improves circulation and lymphatic drainage, enhances musculoskeletal flexibility, and supports respiratory and digestive functions. Emerging evidence also highlights its role in hormonal regulation, immune activation, and stress reduction. Clinically, massage has demonstrated benefits in managing chronic pain, arthritis, fibromyalgia, neurological impairments, hypertension, asthma, diabetes, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.