AUTHOR(S): Saxena Varsha and Sajwan Neelam

ABSTRACT:
Thousands of years ago, scientist of ancientmedicine identified the disease urolithiasis and named it as Ashmari. It has been derived from the “Ashman” Sanskrit word which literally means a structure resembling stone. Ashmari (Urolithiasis) is a very common global problem, disturbing mankind since long time. Ashmari is one of the major reasons of abdominal pain in present time. Urolithiasis means the presence of stone/calculus in the urinary system. Etiology and pathogenesis of Urolithiasis or renal stone is not very clear. Risk factors for developing kidney stone are familial, obesity (High BMI), not drinking enough water, eating a diet that's high in protein, sodium (salt) and sugar. Main symptoms of Urolithiasis are pain, burning micturiton, haematuria, dysurea, tenderness and fever. The four most common types of renal stones are calcium, uric acid, struvite and cystine. Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stones (Approximately 85%). Treatment of renal calculi in modern science is mainly surgery and almost none oral modern medicine available for this purpose. Available management of renal calculi like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, cystolithotomy etc. fail to prevent the recurrences and have many side effects such as sepsis, strictures, splenic rupture, renal hematoma etc. Ayurveda mentioned a number of herbs for breaking the stone and diuretic herbs for its easy removal by via urine. Ayurvedic texts have mentioned Mutra-virechaniya (diuretic) and Ashmarighna Dravya (lithotriptic) which is very beneficial for urolithiasis. Common drugs mentioned in our texts are Varuna (Crataeva nurvala), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris), Pashanabheda (Bergenia ligulata), Shilajit (Asphaltum Panjabinum), Yava Kshara (alkali preparation of Hordeum vulgare L.) etc. Acharya Sushruta had also mentioned perineal approach to remove the stone from the bladder when stones are too large and not responding to medicinal treatment.

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